Essay --

In 1861, conflicts and tension between the northern and southern United States erupted into the Civil War, the bloodiest war in American history. Economic differences existed between the north and south, which made the Civil War inevitable. The south’s economy was largely agriculturally based and dependent on slave labor, while the north was more industrial and based on free labor. The issue of slavery is often cited as the main cause of the Civil War, but it is actually the economic dependency of the South on slavery that caused the Civil War. Slavery being the backbone of the South led to conflict on whether or not states should be admitted as free or slave states, which could potentially tip the balance of free states vs slave states’ representation in the Senate. The North and South being so radically different in economy and culture created conflict between them. Their differences actually made the Civil War an inevitable event, because as the saying goes, â€Å" United we stand, divided we fall†. Their differences divided the country, ultimately leading to the Civil War. Starting from the end of the American Revolution, the north had developed differently than the south. This was largely due to differences in geography. There were more seaports in the north, and factories became more prevalent. A commercial economy resulted. Roads and canals were built, and cities grew. Many people were merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, and salesmen. The north became more and more metropolitan. There were still farmers living in the north, but they differed from southern farmers in that they used more modern technology to farm and became more efficient. Farming was easier in the north than the south as well, because of the south’s difficult ... ...t states, â€Å"Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judgment for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.† This meant that Scott was not considered a citizen, so he had no rights, could not sue, and had to remain a slave. The court further ruled that banning slavery was unconstitutional, since slaves were property and property is protected under the Constitution.The controversy over slavery was intensified,and further deepened the rift between the north and the south.

Bottled Water or Tap Water? Essay

There are articles, flyers, and even books out in the market that try to persuade people to either use bottled water or tap water. While many believe that tap water is more beneficial to the body, others believe that the convenience and advertising of purified bottled water is acceptable enough for themselves. As we consume water, we concern ourselves with issues such as if it is harmful to the environment, if it is harmful to our health and whether the product is convenient for us. Ultimately, the choice is personal because both sides provide pros and cons to these issues. In our world, pollution is a common factor to the deterioration this planet is facing. Water bottles, when not disposed of properly, lead to pollution. In an online article entitled, â€Å"Tap water vs. Bottled Water and the Environment,† it states, â€Å"†¦nearly 90% of bottles are not recycled.† (Karlstrom and Dell’Amore) The failure to recycle leads to serious issues in our environment. Who is to blame for the shortcomings of recycling? We all are. As citizens of America, we have a responsibility to recycle as soon as the bottle is in our possession. Even when transporting bottled water for production and sale, a significant amount of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide is produced causing much fuel usage. Although bottled water should not be blamed for all of the earth’s environmental issues, there is quite a bit of damage it has caused already and this should be a caveat for water bottle drinkers. On another side, tap water does not need the production of bottles so fossil fuels would not be utilized as much. The article explains that the environment would be 17.6 million barrels of oil richer if people consumed tap water over bottled water. (Karlstrom and Dell’Amore). Tap water could be consumed in washable glasses preventing the disposal of trash to end up on the landfills. Tap water is also used for other reasons besides drinking, for example: plants are watered with tap water and this in turn helps the environment’s ecosystem. As consumers of any type of water, a main priority would be the health risks and the benefits that come along with drinking water. First and foremost, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulates bottled water. When the  FDA regulates water, they go through the process of making sure that water meets the adequate standards for the safety of the customers (Olson). Bottled water must be tested for coliform once a week in order to maintain cleanliness. It is very reassuring to know that if any type of bottled water contamination is found it will be recalled or properly cleansed again. Even though bottled water is being regulated periodically, it isn’t always as safe as the bottled water companies make it seem. In an online article entitled, â€Å"The Big Secret Commercial Water Companies Hope You Never Discover†, it states, â€Å"†¦40 percent of bottled water is regular tap water, which may or may not have received any additional treatment.† (Mercola). A s far as the bottle itself being of any benefit to the product, it isn’t. Plastic bottles contain chemicals that can become harmful to humans who reuse the plastic bottle. Polyethylene terephthalate is already adapted into the container, however, if it is reused you are more likely to ingest different chemicals, such as, DEHA (Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate), a human carcinogen, and BBP (enzyl butyl phthalate), a potential hormone disputer. (Kelly). While some choose to reuse their plastic bottles, others stay on the less risky side and use tap water to benefit their health. During the disinfecting of tap water, chlorine is used, as well as fluoride for the consumers’ dental benefits. In 1974, The Safe Drinking Water Act was enforced, establishing that any type of tap water, had to have been regulated by the EPA. (Olson). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforces the regulation for tap water. While most tap water is regulated and healthy for the population to drink, there are many underlining factors that can put a damper on the EPA’s regulation system. For instance, hospitals are enforced to dispose of unused medication by either throwing them down the drain or flushing them down the toilet. According to an online article entitled, â€Å"Hospital Drugs Routinely get Flushed Down Drains where they Pollute Water Systems,† gives us an idea of the severity of contamination that drugs are doing to our water pipelines. â€Å"Water treatment plants rarely filter or screen for the presence of these drugs, but several studies have detected a vast range of meds in public water systems, including antibiotics, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers, sex hormones, painkillers, and high blood pressure medicine, among many others.† (Wilson). These types of medications can be dangerous to unintentionally consume. Also of concern,  the EPA’s allowance of lead for tap water is a lot higher than for bottled water due to the lead pipes that transport the water to homes. â€Å"Tap water lead levels are set at 15 ppb and bottled water is set at 5 ppb.† (The 3 R’s) Ultimately, in today’s society, convenience usually prevails when busy people need to make a choice about water. When people think of the easy choice, they think of bottled water. Bottled water is already refrigerated and convenient to grab on the way out. Bottled water is suitable and appealing to us. Unfortunately, the â€Å"appealing† label of bottled water is not as truthful as its convenience provides. As previously stated, 40 percent of normal bottled water is just tap water. So when bottled water has a label describing it as water fresh from mountain waterfalls, it is possibly false advertising. As for the convenience of tap water, it may take some work to make it convenience but it is possible. When pouring tap water, the water is not as chilled as refrigerated bottled water. Tap water would take the process of getting cups that would have to be filled up and then if you were to take it to go, you would have to carry that bottle around, unlike bottled water, whi ch you can dispose of in any trashcan. Most people when choosing tap or bottled water do so without much thought or education. There are many pros and cons to both choices. To choose bottled water or tap water can be daunting for one who has done research in the matter. There are ways to be confident in drinking water; one must just find a way that is best for them. The information provided above gives the public the tools to make the choice. In the end it is up to the public to choose what is the right choice to make. Choose wisely.

Ted Bundy Unlikely Serial Killer - 1415 Words

Ted Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer Americans were shocked in the 1970s when authorities began reporting a string of disappearances of young women from Washington, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Florida and Oregon. The man behind these crimes was Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Many people still consider him to be one of the most notorious serial killers of all time and was once one of the FBI’s most wanted. He was officially tied to 36 murders, however he is believed to have committed more than one hundred. The Ted Bundy murders shocked everyone because of his outwardly sociable appearance, politeness, and political aspirations. He was intelligent, good looking, and charismatic. Many of his victims did not fear him or question him because of how charming†¦show more content†¦He was convicted and received a one-to-fifteen year jail sentence. Ted Bundy was later indicted on murder charges for a Colorado woman, in which he decided to act as his own lawyer. During a trip to the court’s library, he jumped out of a win dow and escaped, only to be captured eight days later. Bundy escaped from custody again in 1977 when he climbed out of a hole he made on the ceiling of his cell. He reportedly lost over 30 pounds in order to fit through the hold. Unfortunately, the guards did not realize he was missing until 15 hours later, giving him a huge head start to run as far away as he could. He made it all the way to Tallahassee, Florida where he snuck into the Chi Omega sorority house at Florida State University and attacked four female residents, killing two of them. He later kidnapped a twelve year old girl and murdered her. In July of 1978 Bundy was convicted for the murders of the two sorority girls. The murders were so vicious, that they were able to identify him from bite marks he left on their flesh. He received two death penalties, one for each of these crimes. He received another death sentence for the murder of 12 year old Kimberly Leach in the years following his incarceration. Ted Bundy spent many years appealing his death sentence. All of his appeals were denied. From his jail cell, he often corresponded with some of his adoring fans, and many of hisShow MoreRelatedSerial Killer: Theodore Robert Bundy Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Theodore Bundy was an infamous American serial killer who preyed upon numerous young women during the 1970s and possibly earlier. He was associated with at least 30 counts of homicide and suspected of an estimated one hundred or more. Beyond homicide, he also made it apparent that he was capable of other sinister crimes such as rape, kidnapping, and necrophilia. His most frequent method of killing was an attack with a blunt weapon to the head. However, he did not merely kill his victims; evidenceRead MoreDeath Is The World s Universal Fear910 Words   |  4 Pagesinto cessation by confession of sinful decisions, God-fearing detainees eventually realize their spiritual release is doomed to the same ridicule in the afterlife: punishment. Take into consideration Ted Bundy, a Christian man, for demonstration. By reason of the cruel extent of his offenses, Bundy is titled to be one of the most notorious criminals of all time (Biography Online, n.d). His path of destruction and ruination traces to only thirty-six murders, yet he is believed to have committed hundredsRead MoreThe Debate Over the Morality of the Death Penalty Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pagesfree, future fatal encounters involving them would be inevitable. The same deadly outcome could occur even if they are never released, because murders do happen in jail as well. While some people would assume that murderers who are released would be unlikely to strike again, since they are already on the radar of the legal system, this is not at all the case. An instance where this is evident is the death of Donna A. Payant by inmate Lemuel Smith (Irvine and Kincaid). In nineteen seventy-six, Smith held

GMAT Score Ranges for Top Business Schools

So, you want to get into one of the best business schools in the country. Its great that youre reaching for the stars! Go for it! But educate yourself first before you apply. If your GMAT scores arent anywhere close to the range in which you need to be (and your work experience, undergraduate GPA, admissions interview and recommendations from professors will in no way offset your low score), then youll either need to retake the GMAT or set your sights lower. We always recommend a retake, though; its better to prepare for the test early and take it more than once if necessary than give up on your dreams if your heart is set on Kellogg or Wharton or Stanford. Basics When you finish the GMAT and get your official score report in the mail, youll see scores listed for the following sections. If youre anxious about your scores right after youve finished testing, you can record your scores immediately after your testing session and receive the unofficial Verbal, Quantitative, and Total scores. The Analytical Writing Assessment and the Integrated Reasoning sections, however, will have to wait because they are scored independently. Here are the score ranges for the four sections of the GMAT exam: Analytical Writing Assessment: Can earn you between a 0 and a 6 in half-point increments. The mean score is typically right around a 4.42. Although the score isnt taken into account as much as the other two sections, its imperative to earn the highest possible score you can. Reach for a 4.5 or higher when you practice.Integrated Reasoning: Can earn you between a 1 and an 8 in single-digit intervals. Like the AWA, it is not factored into your overall score but appears as a separate entity on your score report. The average score is a 4.26Quantitative Reasoning: Can earn you between 0 and 60 points. Scoring less than a 7 and above a 52 is rare. Shoot for the 40s if youre hoping to be considered for a top ranking business school; most applicants are in that range, although the average GMAT Quantitative score across the country is right around a 37.Verbal Reasoning: Can earn you between 0 and 60 points. Scoring less than a 9 and above a 48 is rare, although some testers make the leap. The average U.S. GMAT Verbal score is right around a 29. For a top-tier school, however, youll need to shoot for the 40s, though.Total GMAT Score: Can earn you between 200 and 800 points. Most test-takers score between 400 and 600, but your score needs to be considerably higher than that - anywhere from the mid 600s through the 700s if youre going to a top-ranking business school. Good Scores Business schools typically do not have a cut-off score for acceptance; they look at the whole applicant including your interview, admissions essay, recommendations, work experience, and GPA along with your GMAT score. If, however, youre interested in attending a top-tier school like the ones listed below, you need to be sure that youre at least scoring in the range of marks that others who have been admitted have scored. To help gauge that number, take a peek at the schools middle 80 percent of student applicants. What are the majority of admitted students earning on the GMAT? If youre in there, then theres a good chance your score will be high enough to merit the second phase of the admissions process. GMAT Scores for Top Ranking Business Schools Business School Mean Median Middle 80% Stanford University 728 NA 680 - 770 Harvard University 724 730 680 - 770 Yale University 722 720 680 - 760 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) 718 720 670 - 770 University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) 718 720 650 - 770 Northwestern University (Kellogg) 715 720 670 - 760 University of Chicago (Booth) 715 720 660 - 760 Dartmouth College (Tuck) 716 720 670 - 760 UC Berkeley (Haas) 718 710 680 - 760 New York University (Stern) 715 720 660 - 760

The Concepts Of Knowledge And Happiness In Mary Shelleys...

â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow† (Shelley 60). In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, she expresses her beliefs regarding the danger of pursuing happiness through the attainment of knowledge, because true happiness is found in the emotional connections established between people. The pursuit of knowledge is not necessarily an evil thing, but it can cause destruction when it is pursued beyond natural limits. Victor Frankenstein becomes a slave to his passion for learning in more than one way; first his life is controlled by†¦show more content†¦The result of his passion, the monster, is ever present in Frankenstein’s thoughts and it controls his actions. The monster eventually destroys everything that is important to Frankenstein, because everyone he loved is dead. Frankenstein lives the rest of his miserable life in hope of avenging the deaths of his loved ones. Shelley expresses that relationships between people are the key to happiness, because Frankenstein is unable to find any joy after his loved ones are murdered. Throughout the story, Frankenstein is a slave to his desire for knowledge and the ability to create life. The pursuit of knowledge is not the only passion that can lead to a person to a life of suffering. Shelley’s example of Frankenstein’s uncontrollable urge to learn can be applied to any passion that is taken to an extreme. â€Å"A human being in perfection ought always to preserve a calm and peaceful mind, and never allow passion or a transitory desire to disturb his tranquility† (Shelley 64). Shelley also uses the monster to portray the idea that happiness is found through personal relationships. From the moment he is created, people react to the monster with fear and hate, but all he wants is to be loved. While watching the family in the cottage, the monster desires only to reveal himself to them and gain their love and acceptance. He quickly learns how to speak and read in order to makeShow MoreRelatedThe Concepts of Knowledge and Happiness in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1011 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley 60). In Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, she expresses her beliefs regarding the danger of pursuing happiness through the attainment of knowledge, because true happiness is found in the emotional connections established between people. The pursuit of knowledge is not nec essarily an evil thing, butRead MoreVictor Frankenstein: Epic Hero Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages the zombie era is truly coming to life, and it is easy to figure out where this idea originated. The historic book Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley describes a man who creates a creature out of dead body parts of humans. Although this monster was meant for good purposes, it eventually leads to destruction including multiple murders. However, Victor Frankenstein can actually be determined as a hero by the ways in which he fits within the interpretation of an epic hero. GregoryRead MoreFrankenstein- Acquirement of Knowledge Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"How the dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow.† To what extent does Shelley’s Frankenstein support Victor Frankenstein’s view? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein explores the concepts of knowledge and science and the dangers involved with the pursuit and investigation of these ideas. The novel conveys Shelley’s attitudes towards science by portraying it asRead MoreDangers of Acquiring Knowledge Illustrated in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein1075 Words   |  5 PagesHow Dangerous is the Acquirement of Knowledge? Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein Although Mary Shelly did not have a formal education growing up motherless in the early nineteenth century, she wrote one of the greatest novels nonetheless in 1819, Frankenstein. The novel has been the basis for many motion picture movies along with many English class discussions. Within the novel Shelly shares the stories of two men from very different worlds. The reader is introduced to Robert Walton, the main narratorRead MoreThe Moral Knowledge Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesMoral knowledge, a tricky subject to grapple with because morals are subjective to everyone. We can’t say whether one is right or wrong, as the truth behind that knowledge is not determined. Since we can’t surely know what we say is right or wrong, is it ok to experiment with ideas that might not be determined to be right at that time? History has proven that the concepts of right and wrong are able to change over time. David Hume has much to say about the devel opment of moral knowledge as he createsRead MoreLight And Dark By Mary Shelley1670 Words   |  7 Pagesand the idea of good and evil, where light pertains to good and dark is portrayed as evil. In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, she uses the motif of light versus dark through the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and the monster to convey the idea that within each human there is both good and evil. Markedly, the light throughout the novel is portrayed as the act of discovery or obtaining knowledge. Within the novel Walton exclaims, â€Å"What could not be expected in the country of eternal lightRead MoreThe Historical Events Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1595 Words   |  7 Pagestotalitarian governments, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald influenced by the roaring 1920s, and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird influenced by the racial inequalities prevalent in America. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein can be added to this list as well. Frankenstein was influenced by the search for knowledge, loss of innocence, and romantic heroes both in history and literature of the Romantic period of 1798 through 1832; these same topics that influenced Shelley and other Romantic writers, influenceRead MoreEssay on Rousseaus Philosophy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, the titular character states that If [mans] i mpulses were confined to hunger, thirst and desire, [he] might nearly be free (Shelley, 97). With this assertion, Victor imparts his belief that man is most content in the state of nature; a state where only his most primal needs must be fulfilled in order to be satisfied. Man in his natural state is the central topic in Jean-Jacques Rousseaus philosophic essay A Discourse on Inequality, an academic work that had tremendousRead MoreAt First Reading Mary Shelley’S Novel Frankenstein Appears1709 Words   |  7 PagesAt first reading Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein appears to be part of the gothic or horror genre, but further examination of this novel reveals many concepts and perspectives that are related to other genres of English literature. Along with possessing various conceptual ideas this novel brilliantly highlights the characteristics of men, which many authors have credited Mary Shelley’s understanding of the opposite gender as exceptional. Throughout this novel there can be identified three maleRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Shelley’s Frankenstein does an excellent job at demonstrating the ideas and accomplishments of the enlightenment period. Shelly expresses these ideas and thoughts through the character of Victor Frankenstein who is an aspiring scientist seeking an intellectual challenge. Victor Frankenstein live s his hometown of Geneva and leaves in quest of a valued education in Ingolstadt. When Victor arrives at college he is lonely and finds himself in a new world in which he lives by himself. He than meets

Bowling Alone Free Essays

This essay deals with the correlation between a healthy, progressive society and one that is engaged civilly with sociological matters and ties. The statistics expressed in Putnam’s essay show a rather rapid decline in our societies’ civil engagement in the last quarter century. Putnam emphasizes the valiant importance of a strong and active society for growth and development in a democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Bowling Alone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without further social development Americans could deteriorate their once strong, socially engaged society down to a individualistic democracy that would shatter our national image.Putnam’s essay is titled, â€Å"Bowling Alone†, he gives emphasis, and depth to this title in several different ways throughout his article. Perhaps, the most interesting and whimsical piece of information that he shares though is a bowling statistic. More contemporary Americans are bowling than ever before in history, although, bowling in organized leagues has plummeted in the last decade. Between 1980 and 1993 the total number of bowlers in America increased by 10 percent, while league bowling decreased by 40 percent.This statistic, that shows the rise of solo bowling threatens the very, livelihood of bowling business proprietors because many of those people who bowl as members of leagues consume three times as much beer and pizza. Common knowledge then comes into play, the profit money in bowling does not derive from the balls and shoes but rather the other expenditures such as, beer and pizza. The broader social significance, in this matter though, however lies in the social communication and conversations that can derive from beer and pizza, as compared to solo bowlers.Putnam offers other information that supports h is claim, besides bowling statistics. In some parts of the essay, he shares that organizational groups, as a whole have experienced a massive decline in new membership, over the last quarter century. Church-related groups are the most common type of organization joined by Americans, women especially. Other examples of popular organizations frequently joined by Americans are, school service groups, sports groups, professional societies, literary groups, labor unions, fraternal groups, and veterans’ groups. All of these organizational groups share one common trait, a decline in new membership.There are consequences that ensue after a society begins, to lose it civilly engaged citizens, for private, less trusting ones. In a survey done, over 35 countries, it shows that social trust and civic engagement are strongly correlated. The greater the amount of associational membership in a society, the more trusting its citizens, are likely to be. Trust and engagement are two components of the same underlying factor, social capital. America is still ranked relatively high by cross-national standards in both areas of social capital; and its citizens are more trusting and more engaged than people in most other parts of the world, still.What, these trends show in the past quarter- century, however, have placed United States significantly lower in the international rankings of social capital. An alarming possibility that this information provides is in another quarter-century at this rate of change, America could be roughly equivalent to South Korea, Belgium, or Estonia today. Two generations’ decline at the same rate would leave the United States at the level of today’s Chile, Portugal, and Slovenia. Putnam does not offer any concrete solutions to these current trends, but he shares his advice and wisdom on such a complex problem.Giving more responsibility to the institutions that raise our children could be the an swer. Perhaps finding new ways to reach younger generations at a more significant point in childhood could curve this trend. For example, instituting more programs and organizations rather than the typical sports or academic activities, offered. Reshaping the classroom and offering more social progressive classes could play a significant role in instilling a strong social reinforcing importance to a young person. Another possibility for a helpful change in this current trend could be given in a representative media source, for the people, by the people.There is no doubt that our current media today seems to be a giant circus that focuses only on irrelevant issues and seeks only high ratings. Perhaps, a media source that actually is not focused on getting ratings or pushing certain agendas on Americans could be the answer. Most news sources today seem to disinterest many Americans with blown up stories, and each stations political ideologies. Creating a station with no bias, giving direct information to the people about real issues in this country could generate more interest in our country’s politics.Television has the ability to reach more people than any other source in the world, why not use it to reach the social outcry in America? and be a solution rather than the problem. In conclusion, Putnam’s essay offers a non-bias factual account of a growing problem that future generations may face. There is no clear solution to this debate, what is clear though, however, is the significance of this issue. To solve this, it will take many solutions and variables. Counter trends have shown what lies ahead, new social groups must take the supremacy and give it power. How to cite Bowling Alone, Papers

Knowledge-Based Risk Management Framework For Information Technology

Question: Describe about the Knowledge-Based Risk Management Framework For Information Technology? Answer: 1. Yes, the Sample Charter improves the likeliness of the success than that is given in the template. The reason for the success of the PMO depends on the Department of Public Health Informatics and Surveillance (DPHIS) contribution. The WSHL needs can see this from the PMO's function. They also contribute and give priority to the training programs for the program management. The WSLH also emphasizes on the SMART goals communication which implements the Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results-oriented, Time-delimitedprocedures (Alhawariet al. 2012).Another important aspect is that the Project Manager Operation is accomplished in a phased manner by handling module after module and avoid any fast operation that attained all at once is avoided. This also includes thesatisfaction of the predetermined Businessobjectivesfor the need of the project that needs to create it. All the deliverables that include in the project must have to be fully implemented and utilized to access the best possible services. The project targets are also met at times and have the partnership in success that also makes them beneficial for the PMO. Their primary objectives also met the customers requirements and met all the project requirements; while in the template the program management has unclear purpose and is also not well communicated. Kerzner (2013) mentions that, the ultimate advantage in the success compared with the model is that it also enables the division of the leadership that helps in selection of individuals those who handles the program management better than others while the PMO given in the Template does not offer a friendly nature and is too authoritative. Yes, something is missing in the both Template and the Sample. The success objective that is not mentioned within the given Samples and the Template is the understanding of the type of the PMO that is to be established. This is a very crucial factor for any organization for Strategic Programs that focuses on the operational functionality aligned with the organizations goals. Functional programs are another consequence that is based on the initiatives to drive the operational efficiencies. Schwalbe (2015) depicts that, Functional and Enterprise program also plays a significant role for aligning service delivery or information technology and managing high-risk programs respectively. 2. Furthermore, the determination of the function and responsibility of the PMO is the crucial factor. This involves the Mentoring and Coaching, Project and management level reporting, Budget and resources estimation. Moreover, Archibaldand Archibald (2015) also mentions that obtaining senior management backing and support for avoiding management challenges that comes with new program management processes. Another consequence isfocusing on the immediate value that may be critical for an organization and mostly is overlooked by the PMO. As a result, it is rewired for the efficient PMO not to involve in all the projects that are undertaken by the organization. The efficiency of the PMO also relies on the ability to start with one or two projects that are quite manageable, which additionally ensures the responsibility of the PMO is aligned with the organizational strategies and of highest priorities (Kerzner2013). Image 1: The ranking of the trends in IT Project (Source: Created by Author) The researcher ranks the given five trends and theirimpacts in the Information Technology projects. Every Project whether it is in IT organization or any other institute, it needs some strategies to ponder; hence, the involvement of some strategic like Delivering successful projects by establishing effective project selection to follow business objectives (Schwalbe2015). Another strategy is the choice of the performance focused projects so that the staffs can perform their best. Furthermore, the IT projects need to formulate professionalism in the projects which are followed by the importance of the communication with the high-rank personal and informed them regarding the project management. These reports should be delivered to the on monthly or quarterly basis so that the procedures can be scrutinized. The lean PMO attained the second position as it requires some particular quality in the PMO for handling the operational functionality of the IT projects like communicating with the higher authorities regarding the performance of the staffs and the productivity of the industry. It is also crucial for the PMO to achieve project methodology and standard. The lean ability also proves the evidence of their capacity to advocate for implementing sound management practices. Furthermore, to set a critical milestone, it is their lean nature to publish Master IT project schedule. IT sector within the organization has to comprise the ability to skill management so that it can be achieved by being an effective PMO. This embraces the effective training procedures that the PMO must have to acquire. The effectiveness of the training relies on the knowledge gather in the early projects for fine-tuning the project control process and its planning. Moreover, Alhawariet al.(2012) mentions that, the training session must include more complex process and techniques that enable the PMO for implementing project portfolio management system. Ultimately, relying on the effectiveness of the PMO's performance their prime responsibility is to work with the senior officials in the planning and represents their business alignment. All the undertaken project must have to be well developed according to the planned process and recognizing the control process as a required competencies. Ultimately, the resources management have the medium priority in the ranking of their trends, The reason for this is that is if appropriate strategies are implemented then t is less likely to occur any risk factor in the organization which in the other and will require less impact on the IT projects. Furthermore, the PMO must possess the ability so that their creativity, adopting the power of new approaches, skills development and ability to introduce new risk into the undertaken projects can be undertaken for proving their vision regarding the IT projects. Efficient PMO also aware the CIO's Cabinet of the IT project regarding the evolving risks and also ask for a relevant recommendation so that the risk can be avoided and all the functions of the project ca be initiated again flawlessly. Schwalbe (2015) also mention that, it is mandatory to audit the performance quality of the organization as well as the Risk assessment to ensure the betterment of the concerned IT firm by measuring the productivity and the profitability. 3: Information Technology PMO helps the execution of the agile methodology. This method helps the PMO to manage procedures for software development. Centralized PMO have the ability to understanding the public power as they perform together in the projects. It is easy for them to make relevant modification in the project standards due to the direct alignment of the Project Manager and the undertaken standards. Ability to resource management for business segments in case of elastic demand is another positive aspect of the PMO in the centralized IT firms. However, Muslu et al.(2014) mentions that in the multinational IT firm that there is a probability for the PM to attain expertise in a particular section of the business as they are connected with only selected section of the business. Additionally, there is no extra overhead as a PMO as the project managers report the segment managers for any required enhancements and does not have to participate personally in such discussion. Figure 2: Comparison between Centralized and decentralized/ multinational IT firm (Source: Hindi 2013) The SCRUM procedure fits with the agile methodology and comprises of the Crystal clear concept on the feature driven development, Extreme Programming, etc. Mohamed (2014) depicts that, the role that the SCRUM plays in the IT organization reflects from the best services PMO provide while working with the higher authorities like CIOs Cabinet. The IT PMO template provided for the assignment also helps the agile technology by emphasizing on the decision-making ability that matches with the real-world results rather than the assumptions. SCRUM depicts simple set of roles and responsibility of the PMO within an organization that probably never change. SCRUM illustrates their importance depending on the roles- Project Managers, Product Owners, Team Members and Scrum Master. These functions are illustrated as follows: Project Managers: The IT PMO helps to determine the factors so that the quality of the deliverable can be enhanced, develop an understanding of coping up with the desired changes in the project within the organization, achieving higher productivity while not investing much for the creative thoughts and attain status project control schemes(Dingsoyret al. 2012). Product Owner: Bass (2015) mentions that, Product Owner in an Information Technology organization is a person having perception, authority, and availability. These are the person, who has to regularly scrutinize the communication with their development team regarding the vision and the priority. Team Member: Bosnic et al.(2015) depicts that the team is self-building blocks for the successful operation of the undertaken projects in the IT organizations. These members are the fully dedicated and have a mix of software engineers, Quality Analysist experts, programmer analysts, and testers, etc., who are equally responsible for determining the accomplishments of the works. They have the responsibility to satisfy the prime objectives of the organization. Scrum Master: According to Kittlaus (2012), these are the experts, who act as a facilitator for the above two departments- Product Owner and the Team Members. These are the members, who do not regulate the team or individuals of the organization; however, they work for resolving the difficulty that is evolving within the team or the organization for achieving the objectives set up by the group. They also help the team to train and develop their creativity so that the undertaken projects can be successfully accomplished with the new ideology. 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